📘14 CFR §91.115 – Right-of-Way Rules: Water Operations

🚩 Overview

When operating aircraft on the water (such as seaplanes), specific right-of-way rules apply to ensure safe navigation and prevent collisions.

---

✅ Right-of-Way Rules for Aircraft on Water

🌊 1. General Rule:

• Aircraft on the water must give way to vessels (boats, ships, etc.) and avoid creating hazards.

🌊 2. Head-on Approach:

• When two aircraft approach head-on (or nearly so):

  • Each pilot must alter their course to the right to pass safely clear of the other aircraft.

🌊 3. Crossing Paths:

• If two aircraft are crossing paths:

  • The aircraft to the right has the right-of-way.

  • The aircraft to the left must alter its course or speed to avoid collision.

🌊 4. Overtaking:

• An aircraft overtaking another aircraft on the water:

  • Must pass well clear of the overtaken aircraft.

  • Must alter course to the right or left to avoid passing too close.

🌊 5. Landing and Takeoff:

• Aircraft landing or taking off from the water have right-of-way over other aircraft operating on the water.

---

🛩️ Example Scenario

You're piloting a seaplane on the water and see another seaplane approaching from your left, crossing your intended path. Since you're on the right, you have the right-of-way. Maintain your current course and speed, but remain vigilant. The other pilot must alter course to safely pass behind you.

---

📌 CFI Pro Tips

• Clear Visual Scanning: Emphasize the importance of visual scanning techniques, especially during water operations where traffic may approach from various directions.

• Proactive Communication: Encourage your students to use clear radio communication when possible, coordinating movements and intentions to enhance safety.

---

📚 Further Reading and Official References

• 14 CFR §91.115 (Full FAA Regulation): https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-F/part-91/subpart-B/section-91.115

• FAA Seaplane Operations Handbook (FAA-H-8083-23): https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/seaplane_handbook