📘14 CFR §91.115 – Right-of-Way Rules: Water Operations
🚩 Overview
When operating aircraft on the water (such as seaplanes), specific right-of-way rules apply to ensure safe navigation and prevent collisions.
✅ Right-of-Way Rules for Aircraft on Water
🌊 1. General Rule:
Aircraft on the water must give way to vessels (boats, ships, etc.) and avoid creating hazards.
🌊 2. Head-on Approach:
When two aircraft approach head-on (or nearly so):
Each pilot must alter their course to the right to pass safely clear of the other aircraft.
🌊 3. Crossing Paths:
If two aircraft are crossing paths:
The aircraft to the right has the right-of-way.
The aircraft to the left must alter its course or speed to avoid collision.
🌊 4. Overtaking:
An aircraft overtaking another aircraft on the water:
Must pass well clear of the overtaken aircraft.
Must alter course to the right or left to avoid passing too close.
🌊 5. Landing and Takeoff:
Aircraft landing or taking off from the water have right-of-way over other aircraft operating on the water.
🛩️ Example Scenario
You're piloting a seaplane on the water and see another seaplane approaching from your left, crossing your intended path. Since you're on the right, you have the right-of-way. Maintain your current course and speed, but remain vigilant. The other pilot must alter course to safely pass behind you.
📌 CFI Pro Tips
Clear Visual Scanning: Emphasize the importance of visual scanning techniques, especially during water operations where traffic may approach from various directions.
Proactive Communication: Encourage your students to use clear radio communication when possible, coordinating movements and intentions to enhance safety.
📚 Further Reading and Official References
14 CFR §91.115 (Full FAA Regulation): https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-F/part-91/subpart-B/section-91.115
FAA Seaplane Operations Handbook (FAA-H-8083-23): https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/seaplane_handbook
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